Rectal Cancer

Each type of cancer has unique characteristics and responds differently when treated. Our highly trained staff and physicians combine their skills with the latest equipment and techniques to treat all forms of cancer. The webpages below contain detailed information about specific types of cancer, related issues and the treatment options available.

Rectal Cancer

RADIATION THERAPY

Radiation therapy is given to the pelvis five days a week for a total of approximately five weeks (25 treatments total). The radiation is given through fields designed to cover all areas of possible spread. Just a little radiation is given each day, and the dose gradually builds up enough to have a high chance of controlling any micrometastatic cancer.

In most patients the radiation is given after the surgery (postoperative radiation). In some patients, however, it is necessary to shrink the cancer before it is removed. In these cases the radiation is given prior to the surgery (preoperative radiation). The dose and treatment fields for this preoperative radiation are the same as for postoperative treatment.

Side Effects

Radiation therapy to the pelvis can irritate the pelvic organs. Patients may notice some abdominal cramping or diarrhea during the radiation, as well as some irritation of the bladder. These side effects typically develop after the second week of radiation. Medicines are available to help ease these side effects.

Sometimes it is necessary to extend the radiation fields over the lower portion of the pelvis so that the skin of the perineum is irradiated. This is necessary in patients who have had abdominal perineal resections. When the radiation field covers the perineal skin a significant skin reaction often occurs, comparable to a moderately severe sunburn. Patients often find this skin reaction is a major but temporary problem. Creams are available to help with the skin reaction, but often the difficulties do not resolve until two weeks after the radiation ends.

Diet

During the course of radiation therapy patients are encouraged to stay on a normal, nutritious diet. A few adjustments in diet, however, can be helpful in ameliorating side effects. Specifically, eliminating spicy and fatty foods may be helpful. Also, sometimes a limitation on dairy products can lessen the diarrhea.

Fiber is certainly important in maintaining normal bowel movements and preventing colon cancer, but the intake of fiber during the course of radiation should be limited. Once the radiation is finished a diet rich in fiber is advisable.

Further details on diet can be found in the Nutrition section of this website.